Hadith

Source: HadeethEnc.com, published by HadeethEnc.com. Version API snapshot retrieved 2026-10-11 (the source publishes no version number) (retrieved 2026-10-11). Published by HadeethEnc.com. Shown unmodified; not reviewed by a scholar.

646 hadith.

• If you wish, I will give you, but there is no share in it for the rich, nor for the strong and capable of earning

  عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَدِيِّ بْنِ الخِيَارِ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي رَجُلَانِ أَنَّهُمَا أَتَيَا النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي حَجَّةِ الوَدَاعِ وَهُوَ يُقَسِّمُ الصَّدَقَةَ، فَسَأَلَاهُ مِنْهَا، فَرَفَّعَ فِينَا البَصَرَ وَخَفَّضَهُ، فَرَآنَا جَلْدَيْنِ، فَقَالَ: «إِنَّ شِئْتُمَا أَعْطَيْتُكُمَا، وَلَا حَظَّ فِيهَا لِغَنِيٍّ، وَلَا لِقَوِيٍّ مُكْتَسِبٍ».

  ‘Ubaydullah ibn ‘Adiyy ibn al-Khiyār reported: Two men informed me that they came to the Prophet (ﷺ) during the Farewell Pilgrimage while he was distributing charity. They asked him for some of it. He raised his gaze and lowered it, observing that we were two strong men. He said: "If you wish, I will give you, but there is no share in it for the rich, nor for the strong and capable of earning."

  Narrated by Abu Dāwūd and Al-Nasā’i

• Well-done! That is a profitable deal! That is a profitable deal! I heard what you said: and I suggest that you give it to your nearest relatives

  عن أنس بن مالك رضي الله عنه قال: كان أبو طلحة رضي الله عنه أكثر الأنصار بالمدينة مالا من نخل، وكان أحب أمواله إليه بَيْرَحَاء، وكانت مُسْتَقبِلَةَ المسجد وكان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يدخلها ويشرب من ماء فيها طيب. قال أنس: فلما نزلت هذه الآية: {لن تنالوا البر حتى تُنِفُقوا مما تُحبون} قام أبو طلحة إلى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فقال: يا رسول الله، إن الله تعالى أنزل عليك: {لن تنالوا البر حتى تنفقوا مما تحبون} وإن أحب مالي إلي بَيْرَحَاء، وإنها صدقة لله تعالى ، أرجو بِرَّهَا وذُخْرَهَا عند الله تعالى ، فَضَعْهَا يا رسول الله حيث أَرَاكَ الله، فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : «بَخٍ ذلك مال رَابِحٌ، ذلك مال رابح، وقد سمعتُ ما قلتَ، وإني أرى أن تجعلها في الأقربين»، فقال أبو طلحة: أفعل يا رسول الله، فقسمها أبو طلحة في أقاربه، وبني عمه.

  Anas ibn Mālik (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that Abu Talhah (may Allah be pleased with him) was the richest man among the Ansār in Madīnah, in terms of his ownership of date palms. And his most beloved property was (his date-palm garden known as) Bayrahā’. It was opposite the mosque, and the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) often entered it and drank from its fresh water. When this verse was revealed: {Never will you attain the good (reward) until you spend (in the way of Allah) from that which you love} [Sūrat Āl-‘Imrān: 92], Abu Talhah came to the Messenger of Allah and said: "O Messenger of Allah, Allah revealed to you {Never will you attain the good (reward) until you spend (in the way of Allah) from that which you love}, and my most beloved possession is Bayrahā’. I have given it in charity in the way of Allah, hoping to earn its reward from Him, so spend it, O Messenger of Allah, as Allah shows you." The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Well-done! That is a profitable deal! That is a profitable deal! I heard what you said: and I suggest that you give it to your nearest relatives." So Abu Talhah said: "I shall do that, O Messenger of Allah", and he distributed it amongst his closest relatives and his paternal cousins.

  Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

• O ‘Umar, do you not know that a man’s uncle is like his father?

  عن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه قال: «بعث رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم عمر رضي الله عنه على الصدقة. فقيل: منع ابن جميل وخالد بن الوليد، والعباس عم رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم . فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ما يَنْقِم ابن جميل إلا أن كان فقيرا: فأغناه الله؟ وأما خالد: فإنكم تظلمون خالدا؛ فقد احْتَبَسَ أَدْرَاعَهُ وَأَعْتَادَهُ في سبيل الله. وأما العباس: فهي عليَّ ومثلها. ثم قال: يا عمر، أما شَعَرْتَ أن عمَّ الرجل صِنْوُ أبيه؟».

  Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) sent ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) to collect the charity. It was said that Ibn Jamīl, Khālid ibn al-Walīd, and Al-‘Abbās, the Prophet's uncle withheld it. Thereupon, the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: "How come that Ibn Jameīl withheld it; was he not poor then made rich by Allah?" As for Khālid, you are doing him injustice for he devoted his armor and war gear to the cause of Allah. As for Al-‘Abbās, the charity due on him and the like of it are upon me." Then he said: "O ‘Umar, do you not know that a man’s uncle is like his father?"

  Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

• While a man was walking through a barren land, he heard a voice coming out of a cloud

  عن أبي هريرة عن النبيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: "بينما رجلٌ يمشي بفلاةٍ من الأرضِ، فسمع صوتًا في سحابةٍ: اسقِ حديقةَ فلانٍ. فتنحَّى ذلك السحابُ، فأفرغ ماءَه في حرةٍ، فإذا شَرْجَةٌ من تلك الشِّرَاجِ قد استوعبتْ ذلك الماءَ كلَّه، فتتَّبع الماءَ، فإذا رجلٌ قائمٌ في حديقته يُحوِّلُ الماءَ بمسحاته، فقال له: يا عبدَ اللهِ؛ ما اسمُك؟، قال: فلانٌ للاسم الذي سمعَ في السحابة، فقال له: يا عبدَ اللهِ؛ لم تسألني عن اسمي؟، فقال: إني سمعت صوتًا في السحابِ الذي هذا ماؤه، يقول: اسق حديقةَ فلانٍ لاسمِك، فما تصنعُ فيها؟، قال: أما إذ قُلتَ هذا فإني أنظرُ إلى ما يخرُجُ منها، فأتصدَّقُ بثُلثِه، وآكُلُ أنا وعيالي ثُلثًا، وأرُدُّ فيها ثُلثه".

  Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "While a man was walking through a barren land, he heard a voice coming out of a cloud, saying: 'Irrigate the garden of so-and- so.' Thereupon, the cloud drifted in a certain direction and discharged its water over a rocky plain. The streamlets flowed into a channel. This man followed the channel until it reached a garden and he saw the owner of the garden standing in its center, working with his spade to change the course of the water. He asked him: ‘O slave of Allah, what is your name?’ He told his name, which was the same that he heard from the cloud. The owner of the garden then asked him: ‘O slave of Allah, why did you ask my name?’ He replied: ‘I heard a voice from a cloud which poured down this water, saying: "Irrigate the garden of so-and-so." I would like to know what you do with it.’ He said: ‘Now that you asked me, I will tell you. I estimate the produce of the garden and distribute one-third of it in charity, spend one-third on myself and my family, and invest one-third back into the garden.’”

  Narrated by Muslim

• A man said: Indeed, I will give in charity. So he took his charity out and placed it in a thief's hand. Next morning, people were saying: Charity was given to a thief

  عن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: «قال رجل لأَتَصَدَّقَنَّ بصدقة، فخرج بصدقته فوضعها في يد سارق، فأصبحوا يتحدثون: تُصُدِّقَ على سارق! فقال: اللهم لك الحمد لأَتَصَدَّقَنَّ بصدقة، فخرج بصدقته فوضعها في يد زانية؛ فأصبحوا يتحدثون: تُصُدِّقَ الليلة على زانية! فقال: اللهم لك الحمد على زانية! لأَتَصَدَّقَنَّ بصدقة، فخرج بصدقته فوضعها في يد غني، فأصبحوا يتحدثون: تُصُدِّقَ على غني؟ فقال: اللهم لك الحمد على سارق وعلى زانية وعلى غني! فأتي فقيل له: أما صدقتك على سارق فلعله أن يَسْتَعِفَّ عن سرقته، وأما الزانية فلعلها تَسْتَعِفُّ عن زناها، وأما الغني فلعله أن يَعْتَبِرَ فيُنْفِقَ مما أعطاه الله».

  Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "A man said: 'Indeed, I will give in charity.' So he took his charity out and placed it in a thief's hand. Next morning, people were saying: 'Charity was given to a thief.' The man said: 'O Allah, praise be to You. Indeed, I will give in charity!' So he took his charity out and placed it in a prostitute's hand. Next morning, they were saying: 'Charity was given to a prostitute last night.' So the man said: 'O Allah, praise be to You concerning the prostitute. Indeed, I will give in charity!' So he took his charity out and placed it in a rich man's hand. Next morning, they were saying: 'Charity was given to a rich man.' The man said: 'O Allah, praise be to You concerning the thief, the prostitute, and the rich man.' Then he was approached and told: 'As for your charity to a thief, he might refrain from theft. As for the prostitute, she might abstain from fornication. As for the rich man, he might take a lesson and spend from the wealth that Allah has given him.'"

  Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

• You will receive seven hundred she-camels in return for it on the Day of Resurrection, all wearing bridles

  عن أبي مسعود رضي الله عنه قال: جاء رجل إلى النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم بناقة مَخْطُومَةٍ، فقال: هذه في سبيل الله، فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : «لك بها يوم القيامة سبعمائة ناقة كلها مخطومة».

  Abu Mas‘ūd (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that a man came to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) with a she-camel wearing a bridle and said: "This is (a donation) in the cause of Allah." The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "You will receive seven hundred she-camels in return for it on the Day of Resurrection, all wearing bridles."

  Narrated by Muslim

• When the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) was among us, we used to give out Zakat al-Fitr on behalf of every young and old person, free or slave, as one Sā‘ of food, or one Sā‘ of Aqit (dried yogurt), or one Sā‘ of barley, or one Sā‘ of dates, or one Sā‘ of raisins

  عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ رضي الله عنه قَالَ: كُنَّا نُخْرِجُ إِذْ كَانَ فِينَا رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ زَكَاةَ الْفِطْرِ، عَنْ كُلِّ صَغِيرٍ وَكَبِيرٍ، حُرٍّ أَوْ مَمْلُوكٍ، صَاعًا مِنْ طَعَامٍ، أَوْ صَاعًا مِنْ أَقِطٍ، أَوْ صَاعًا مِنْ شَعِيرٍ، أَوْ صَاعًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ، أَوْ صَاعًا مِنْ زَبِيبٍ، فَلَمْ نَزَلْ نُخْرِجُهُ حَتَّى قَدِمَ عَلَيْنَا مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ رضي الله عنه حَاجًّا، أَوْ مُعْتَمِرًا فَكَلَّمَ النَّاسَ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ، فَكَانَ فِيمَا كَلَّمَ بِهِ النَّاسَ أَنْ قَالَ: إِنِّي أَرَى أَنَّ مُدَّيْنِ مِنْ سَمْرَاءِ الشَّامِ، تَعْدِلُ صَاعًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ، فَأَخَذَ النَّاسُ بِذَلِكَ، قَالَ أَبُو سَعِيدٍ: فَأَمَّا أَنَا فَلَا أَزَالُ أُخْرِجُهُ كَمَا كُنْتُ أُخْرِجُهُ، أَبَدًا مَا عِشْتُ.

  Abu Sa‘īd al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: When the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) was among us, we used to give out Zakat al-Fitr on behalf of every young and old person, free or slave, as one Sā‘ of food, or one Sā‘ of Aqit (dried yogurt), or one Sā‘ of barley, or one Sā‘ of dates, or one Sā‘ of raisins. We continued giving it out until Mu‘āwiyah ibn Abi Sufyān (may Allah be pleased with him) came to us for Hajj or ‘Umrah. He addressed the people from the pulpit, and among the things he said to the people was: Verily, I see that two Mudds of the Syrian wheat are equivalent to one Sā‘ of dates. So, people started applying this. Abu Sa‘īd said: As for me, I will continue to give it as I used to give it for as long as I live.

  Agreed upon

• The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) enjoined Zakat al-Fitr as one Sā‘ of dates or one Sā‘ of barley on the slave and the free person, the male and the female, the young and the old from among the Muslims. He ordered that it be given before the people go out to the prayer

  عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَ: فَرَضَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ زَكَاةَ الفِطْرِ صَاعًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ، أَوْ صَاعًا مِنْ شَعِيرٍ، عَلَى العَبْدِ وَالحُرِّ، وَالذَّكَرِ وَالأُنْثَى، وَالصَّغِيرِ وَالكَبِيرِ مِنَ المُسْلِمِينَ، وَأَمَرَ بِهَا أَنْ تُؤَدَّى قَبْلَ خُرُوجِ النَّاسِ إِلَى الصَّلاَةِ.

  Ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him and his father) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) enjoined Zakat al-Fitr as one Sā‘ of dates or one Sā‘ of barley on the slave and the free person, the male and the female, the young and the old from among the Muslims. He ordered that it be given before the people go out to the prayer.

  Agreed upon

• Has Allah not provided for you that which you can give as charity? Every Tasbīh (saying: Glory be to Allah) is charity; every Takbīr (saying: Allah is the Greatest) is charity; every Tahmīd (saying: Praise be to Allah) is charity; and every Tahlīl (saying: There is no God but Allah) is charity. Enjoining good is charity, forbidding evil is charity, and even in fulfilling the sexual desire of one of you there is charity

  عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ رضي الله عنه: أَنَّ نَاسًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالُوا لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، ذَهَبَ أَهْلُ الدُّثُورِ بِالْأُجُورِ، يُصَلُّونَ كَمَا نُصَلِّي، وَيَصُومُونَ كَمَا نَصُومُ، وَيَتَصَدَّقُونَ بِفُضُولِ أَمْوَالِهِمْ، قَالَ: «أَوَلَيْسَ قَدْ جَعَلَ اللهُ لَكُمْ مَا تَصَّدَّقُونَ؟ إِنَّ بِكُلِّ تَسْبِيحَةٍ صَدَقَةً، وَكُلِّ تَكْبِيرَةٍ صَدَقَةً، وَكُلِّ تَحْمِيدَةٍ صَدَقَةً، وَكُلِّ تَهْلِيلَةٍ صَدَقَةً، وَأَمْرٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ صَدَقَةٌ، وَنَهْيٌ عَنْ مُنْكَرٍ صَدَقَةٌ، وَفِي بُضْعِ أَحَدِكُمْ صَدَقَةٌ»، قَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، أَيَأتِي أَحَدُنَا شَهْوَتَهُ وَيَكُونُ لَهُ فِيهَا أَجْرٌ؟ قَالَ: «أَرَأَيْتُمْ لَوْ وَضَعَهَا فِي حَرَامٍ أَكَانَ عَلَيْهِ فِيهَا وِزْرٌ؟ فَكَذَلِكَ إِذَا وَضَعَهَا فِي الْحَلَالِ كَانَ لَهُ أَجْرٌ».

  Abu Dharr (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: Some of the Companions of the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him): O Messenger of Allah, the wealthy have taken all the rewards. They pray as we pray, fast as we fast, and give charity from their surplus wealth. He said: "Has Allah not provided for you that which you can give as charity? Every Tasbīh (saying: Glory be to Allah) is charity; every Takbīr (saying: Allah is the Greatest) is charity; every Tahmīd (saying: Praise be to Allah) is charity; and every Tahlīl (saying: There is no God but Allah) is charity. Enjoining good is charity, forbidding evil is charity, and even in fulfilling the sexual desire of one of you there is charity." They said: O Messenger of Allah, does one of us fulfill his desire and get rewarded for it? He said: "Do you not see that if he were to fulfill it in a forbidden way, would he incur a sin? Similarly, if he fulfills it lawfully, he will have a reward."

  Narrated by Muslim

• A dinar you spent in the cause of Allah, a dinar you spent on a slave, a dinar you gave in charity to a needy person, and a dinar you spent on your family; the greatest in reward is the one you spent on your family

  عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رضي الله عنه قالَ: قالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلَّى اللَّهُ عليْه وسلَّمَ: «دِينَارٌ أَنْفَقْتَهُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ، وَدِينَارٌ أَنْفَقْتَهُ فِي رَقَبَةٍ، وَدِينَارٌ تَصَدَّقْتَ بِهِ عَلَى مِسْكِينٍ، وَدِينَارٌ أَنْفَقْتَهُ عَلَى أَهْلِكَ أَعْظَمُهَا أَجْرًا الَّذِي أَنْفَقْتَهُ عَلَى أَهْلِكَ».

  Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "A dinar you spent in the cause of Allah, a dinar you spent on a slave, a dinar you gave in charity to a needy person, and a dinar you spent on your family; the greatest in reward is the one you spent on your family."

  Narrated by Muslim

• Whoever fasts Ramadan, out of faith and in pursuit of reward, his past sins will be forgiven

  عن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: «مَنْ صَامَ رَمَضَانَ إِيمَانًا وَاحْتِسَابًا غُفِرَ لَهُ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ ذَنْبِهِ»

  Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever fasts Ramadan, out of faith and in pursuit of reward, his past sins will be forgiven."

  Agreed upon

• Whoever performs Qiyām (night prayer) in the Night of Decree, out of faith and in pursuit of reward, his past sins will be forgiven

  عن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: «مَنْ يَقُمْ لَيْلَةَ الْقَدْرِ إِيمَانًا وَاحْتِسَابًا غُفِرَ لَهُ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ ذَنْبِهِ»

  Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever performs Qiyām (night prayer) in the Night of Decree, out of faith and in pursuit of reward, his past sins will be forgiven."

  Agreed upon

• The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) used to observe I‘tikāf [spiritual retirement in the mosque] during each Ramadan for ten days. The year in which he died, he observed I‘tikāf for twenty days.

  عن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه قال: كان النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم يعتكف في كل رمضان عشرة أيام، فلما كان العام الذي قُبِضَ فيه اعتكف عشرين يوماً.

  Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) used to observe I‘tikāf during each Ramadan for ten days. The year in which he died, he observed I‘tikāf for twenty days.

  Narrated by Bukhari

• Allah said: All the deeds of the son of Adam are for himself except for fasting, as it is, indeed, for Me, and I give reward for it

  عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: «قَالَ اللَّهُ: كُلُّ عَمَلِ ابْنِ آدَمَ لَهُ، إِلَّا الصِّيَامَ، فَإِنَّهُ لِي وَأَنَا أَجْزِي بِهِ، وَالصِّيَامُ جُنَّةٌ، وَإِذَا كَانَ يَوْمُ صَوْمِ أَحَدِكُمْ فَلاَ يَرْفُثْ وَلاَ يَصْخَبْ، فَإِنْ سَابَّهُ أَحَدٌ أَوْ قَاتَلَهُ، فَلْيَقُلْ إِنِّي امْرُؤٌ صَائِمٌ، وَالَّذِي نَفْسُ مُحَمَّدٍ بِيَدِهِ، لَخُلُوفُ فَمِ الصَّائِمِ أَطْيَبُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ مِنْ رِيحِ المِسْكِ، لِلصَّائِمِ فَرْحَتَانِ يَفْرَحُهُمَا: إِذَا أَفْطَرَ فَرِحَ، وَإِذَا لَقِيَ رَبَّهُ فَرِحَ بِصَوْمِهِ».

  Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Allah said: All the deeds of the son of Adam are for himself except for fasting, as it is, indeed, for Me, and I give reward for it. Fasting is a shield. When it is the day when any of you is fasting, let him not engage in obscenity, and let him not speak in a loud voice. If anyone insults him or fights with him, let him say: Verily, I am a fasting person. By the One in Whose Hand the soul of Muhammad is, the smell of the mouth of the fasting person is more pleasant in the sight of Allah than the smell of musk. The fasting person will rejoice twice: when he breaks his fast, he rejoices, and when he meets his Lord, he rejoices at his fast."

  Agreed upon

• The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) used to strive during the last ten more than he would strive at any other time

  عَنْ عَائِشَةَ أُمِّ المؤْمِنينَ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهَا: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَجْتَهِدُ فِي الْعَشْرِ الْأَوَاخِرِ مَا لَا يَجْتَهِدُ فِي غَيْرِهِ.

  ‘Ā’ishah, Mother of the Believers, (may Allah be pleased with her) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) used to strive during the last ten more than he would strive at any other time.

  Narrated by Muslim

• None of you should fast on Friday, unless he fasts a day before it or a day after it

  عن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه قال: سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يقول: «لا يَصُومَنَّ أحدكم يوم الجمعة، إلا أن يصومَ يومًا قبله أو بعده».

  Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: I heard the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) say: "None of you should fast on Friday, unless he fasts a day before it or a day after it."

  Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

• A man asked the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) about fasting while traveling. He answered: If you wish then fast, and if you wish then do not fast

  عن عائشة رضي الله عنها : "أن حَمْزَةَ بن عَمْرٍو الأَسْلَمِيَّ قال للنبي صلى الله عليه وسلم : أصوم في السفر؟ - وكان كثير الصيام- فقال: "إن شئتَ فصُم، وإن شئت فَأَفْطِرْ".

  ‘Ā'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported: Hamzah ibn ‘Amr al-Aslami asked the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him): "Should I fast while traveling?" - and he used to fast often - He answered: "If you wish then fast, and if you wish then do not fast."

  Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

• The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) would sometimes get up at the time of Fajr while in a state of Janābah after having sexual intercourse with his wives, then he would take a ritual bath and fast

  عن عائشة وأم سلمة رضي الله عنهما «أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم كان يُدْرِكُهُ الفجر وهو جُنٌبٌ من أهله، ثم يغتسل ويصوم ».

  ‘Ā'ishah and Umm Salāmah (may Allah be pleased with both of them) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) would sometimes get up at the time of Fajr while in a state of Janābah after having sexual intercourse with his wives, then he would take a ritual bath and fast.

  Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

• The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) forbade fasting the two days: Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Ad'ha; wearing a garment that is void of openings for hands; sitting on one’s buttocks while holding his both legs pulled back with his arms in case he wore only one garment; and praying after the Fajr and ‘Asr prayers

  عن أبي سعيد الخدري رضي الله عنه قال: «نهى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم عن صوم يومين: الفطر والنحر، وعن اشْتِمَالِ الصَّمَّاءِ، وأن يَحْتَبِيَ الرجل في الثوب الواحد، وعن الصلاة بعد الصبح والعصر».

  Abu Sa‘īd al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) forbade fasting the two days: Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Ad'ha; wearing a garment that is void of openings for hands; sitting on one’s buttocks while holding his both legs pulled back with his arms in case he wore only one garment; and praying after the Fajr and ‘Asr prayers.

  Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

• My close friend (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) advised me with three: fasting three days of every month, the two Rak‘ahs of Duha, and performing Witr before I sleep

  عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: أَوْصَانِي خَلِيلِي صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِثَلاَثٍ: صِيَامِ ثَلاَثَةِ أَيَّامٍ مِنْ كُلِّ شَهْرٍ، وَرَكْعَتَيِ الضُّحَى، وَأَنْ أُوتِرَ قَبْلَ أَنْ أَنَامَ.

  Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: My close friend (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) advised me with three: fasting three days of every month, the two Rak‘ahs of Duha, and performing Witr before I sleep."

  Agreed upon

• When the night approaches from this side, and the day retreats from that side, then it is time for the fasting person to break his fast

  عن عمر بن الخطاب رضي الله عنه قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : «إذا أقبل الليل من هَهُنا، وأَدْبَرَالنهار من ههنا، فقد أفطر الصائم».

  ‘Umar ibn al-Khattāb (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: "When the night approaches from this side, and the day retreats from that side, then it is time for the fasting person to break his fast."

  Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

• O Messenger of Allah, I had vowed, before embracing Islam, to make I‘tikāf for one night – another narration reads: for one day – the Sacred Mosque. He said: Then fulfill your vow.

  عن عمر بن الخطاب رضي الله عنه قال: قلت: يا رسول الله، إني كنت نَذَرْتُ في الجَاهلية أن أعتكف ليلة -وفي رواية: يومًا- في المسجد الحرام ؟ قال: «فَأَوْفِ بِنَذْرِكَ».

  ‘Umar ibn al-Khattāb (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: "I said: "O Messenger of Allah, I had vowed, before embracing Islam, to make I‘tikāf for one night – another narration reads: for one day – the Sacred Mosque." He said: "Then fulfill your vow."

  Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

• Fast when you see it, and break the fast when you see it, but if the sky is overcast and you cannot see it, then act on estimation

  عَنْ ابْنَ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: «إِذَا رَأَيْتُمُوهُ فَصُومُوا، وَإِذَا رَأَيْتُمُوهُ فَأَفْطِرُوا، فَإِنْ غُمَّ عَلَيْكُمْ فَاقْدُرُوا لَهُ».

  Ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him and his father) reported: I heard the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) say: "Fast when you see it, and break the fast when you see it, but if the sky is overcast and you cannot see it, then act on estimation."

  Agreed upon

• Those who can afford marriage should marry, for it is more effective in lowering the gaze and guarding chastity. He who cannot afford it should fast, for indeed it serves as a restraint for him

  عَن عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بنِ مَسْعُودٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: كُنَّا مَعَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، فَقَالَ: «مَنِ اسْتَطَاعَ البَاءَةَ فَلْيَتَزَوَّجْ، فَإِنَّهُ أَغَضُّ لِلْبَصَرِ، وَأَحْصَنُ لِلْفَرْجِ، وَمَنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَعَلَيْهِ بِالصَّوْمِ، فَإِنَّهُ لَهُ وِجَاءٌ».

  ‘Abdullāh ibn Mas‘ūd (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: We were in the company of the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him), and he said: "Those who can afford marriage should marry, for it is more effective in lowering the gaze and guarding chastity. He who cannot afford it should fast, for indeed it serves as a restraint for him."

  Agreed upon

• The difference between our fasting and the fasting of the People of the Book is the Suhūr meal

  عن عمرو بن العاص رضي الله عنه أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: «فَصْلُ مَا بَيْنَ صِيَامِنَا وصِيَامِ أهْلِ الكِتَابِ، أكْلَةُ السَّحَرِ».

  ‘Amr ibn al-‘Ās (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The difference between our fasting and the fasting of the People of the Book is the Suhūr meal."

  Narrated by Muslim

• The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) was the most generous of people, and he used to be more generous than ever in Ramadan when Gabriel (Jibrīl) would meet him

  عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رضي الله عنهما قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَجْوَدَ النَّاسِ، وَكَانَ أَجْوَدُ مَا يَكُونُ فِي رَمَضَانَ حِينَ يَلْقَاهُ جِبْرِيلُ، وَكَانَ يَلْقَاهُ فِي كُلِّ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ فَيُدَارِسُهُ القُرْآنَ، فَلَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَجْوَدُ بِالخَيْرِ مِنَ الرِّيحِ المُرْسَلَةِ.

  Ibn ‘Abbās (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) was the most generous of people, and he used to be more generous than ever in Ramadan when Gabriel (Jibrīl) would meet him. He used to meet him every night during Ramadan to revise the Qur'an with him. Indeed, the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) was more generous than the fast wind.

  Agreed upon

• The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) would not fast in any month more than he did in Sha‘bān

  عن عائشة رضي الله عنها قالت: لم يكن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم يصوم مِنْ شهر أكثر من شعبان، فإنّه كان يصوم شعبان كله. وفي رواية: كان يصوم شعبان إلا قليلا.

  ‘Ā’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported: The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) would not fast in any month more than he did in Sha‘bān. He used to fast the whole of Sha‘bān. In another narration: “He used to fast the whole of Sha‘bān except for a few days.”

  Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

• If I were to live till the next year, I would definitely fast the ninth day

  عن عبدالله بن عباس رضي الله عنهما عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: «لَئِن بَقِيتُ إلى قابلٍ لأصومنّ التاسِع».

  ‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Abbās (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: "If I were to live till next year, I would definitely fast the ninth day."

  Narrated by Muslim

• He who feeds a fasting person will earn the same reward as him

  عن زيد بن خالد الجهني رضي الله عنه عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أنه قال: «مَنْ فَطَّرَ صائمًا، كان له مِثْلُ أجْرِهِ، غَيْرَ أنَّهُ لاَ يُنْقَصُ مِنْ أجْرِ الصَّائِمِ شَيْءٌ».

  Zayd ibn Khālid al-Juhani (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "He who feeds a fasting person will earn the same reward as him (the fasting person), without diminishing anything from the reward of the fasting person.”

  Narrated by Ibn Majah - Narrated by At-Termedhy - An-Nasaa’i - Narrated by Ahmad - Ad-Daarimi

• The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) fasted on the Day of ‘Āshūrā'

  عن ابن عباس رضي الله عنهما أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم صام يوم عاشوراء وأمر بصيامه.

  Ibn ‘Abbās (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) fasted on the Day of ‘Āshūrā', and ordered Muslims to fast on it.

  Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

• Bilāl calls the Adhān at night; so, eat and drink until you hear the Adhān called by Ibn Umm Maktūm

  عن عبد الله بن عمر رضي الله عنه مرفوعاً: «إنَّ بِلالاً يُؤَذِّن بِلَيلٍ، فَكُلُوا واشرَبُوا حتَّى تَسمَعُوا أَذَان ابنِ أُمِّ مَكتُوم».

  ‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Bilāl calls the Adhān at night; so, eat and drink until you hear the Adhān called by Ibn Umm Maktūm."

  Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

• I asked ‘Ā’ishah: Why does the menstruating woman make up for her missed fasts but does not make up for the missed prayers?

  عَنْ مُعَاذَةَ قَالَتْ: سَأَلْتُ عَائِشَةَ، فَقُلْتُ: مَا بَالُ الْحَائِضِ تَقْضِي الصَّوْمَ، وَلَا تَقْضِي الصَّلَاةَ؟ فَقَالَتْ: أَحَرُورِيَّةٌ أَنْتِ؟ قُلْتُ: لَسْتُ بِحَرُورِيَّةٍ، وَلَكِنِّي أَسْأَلُ. قَالَتْ: كَانَ يُصِيبُنَا ذَلِكَ، فَنُؤْمَرُ بِقَضَاءِ الصَّوْمِ، وَلَا نُؤْمَرُ بِقَضَاءِ الصَّلَاةِ.

  Mu‘ādhah reported: I asked ‘Ā’ishah: Why does the menstruating woman make up for her missed fasts but does not make up for the missed prayers? She said: Are you a Harūriyyah woman? I said: I am not a Harūriyyah woman, but I am just asking. She said: That would happen to us, so we were ordered to make up for the fasts, but were not ordered to make up for the prayers.

  Agreed upon

• There is a gate in Paradise called Ar-Rayyān through which those who fast will enter on the Day of Judgment. No one else will enter through it

  عَنْ ‌سَهْلٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ عَنْهُ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: «إِنَّ فِي الْجَنَّةِ بَابًا يُقَالُ لَهُ الرَّيَّانُ، يَدْخُلُ مِنْهُ الصَّائِمُونَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ، لَا يَدْخُلُ مِنْهُ أَحَدٌ غَيْرُهُمْ، يُقَالُ: أَيْنَ الصَّائِمُونَ، فَيَقُومُونَ لَا يَدْخُلُ مِنْهُ أَحَدٌ غَيْرُهُمْ، فَإِذَا دَخَلُوا أُغْلِقَ، فَلَمْ يَدْخُلْ مِنْهُ أَحَدٌ».

  Sahl (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "There is a gate in Paradise called Ar-Rayyān through which those who fast will enter on the Day of Judgment. No one else will enter through it. It will be called out: Where are those who fast? They will stand up. No one else will enter through it. Once they have entered, it will be closed, and no one will enter through it."

  Agreed upon

• The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) used to leave fasting in a certain month until we would think that he has not fasted at all that month; and he used to fast in another month so much that we would think he has not stopped fasting at all in that month. If one wished to see him praying at night, one could see him (in that state), and if one wished to see him sleeping at night, one could see him (in that state) too

  عن أنس رضي الله عنه قال: كان رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم يُفْطِرُ من الشهر حتى نظن أن لا يصوم منه، ويصوم حتى نظن أن لا يُفْطِرَ منه شيئا، وكان لا تَشَاءُ أن تراه من الليل مُصَلِيًا إلا رأيتَه، ولا نائما إلا رأيتَه.

  Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) used to leave fasting in a certain month until we would think that he has not fasted at all that month; and he used to fast in another month so much that we would think he has not stopped fasting at all in that month. If one wished to see him praying at night, one could see him (in that state), and if one wished to see him sleeping at night, one could see him (in that state) too.

  Narrated by Bukhari

• Those who were not fasting today have taken all the reward

  عن أنس بن مالك رضي الله عنه قال: كنَّا مع النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم في السفر فمنَّا الصائم، وَمِنَّا المُفطر، قال: فنزلنا مَنْزِلًا فِي يوم حارٍّ، وأكثرنا ظِلًّا صاحب الْكِسَاءِ، وَمِنَّا من يَتَّقِي الشمس بيده، قال: فَسقط الصُّوَّامُ، وقام المُفْطِرُونَ فَضربوا الْأَبْنِيَةِ، وَسَقَوْا الرِّكَاب، فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : "ذهب المُفْطِرُونَ اليوم بالأجر".

  Anas ibn Mālik (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: We were with the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) on a journey, and some of us were fasting and others were not. We stopped to rest in some place on a hot day. The one who had the largest share of shade among us was the one who had a garment. Some of us would shade themselves against the sun using their own hands. Those who were fasting fell to the ground, but those who were not fasting got up to pitch the tents and water the animals. Thereupon, the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Those who were not fasting today have taken all the reward."

  Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

• Whoever was in I‘tikāf with me should stay in I‘tikāf the last ten; for I was informed of that night, but I was then made to forget it. I saw myself prostrating in water and mud in its morning. So, seek it in the last ten

  عن أبي سعيد الخُدْري رضي الله عنه : «أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم كان يَعْتَكِفُ في العَشْرِ الأَوْسَطِ من رمضان. فاعتكف عامًا، حتى إذا كانت لَيْلَةَ إِحْدَى وَعِشْرِينَ -وهي اللَّيْلَةُ التي يخرج من صَبِيحَتِهَا من اعتكافه- قال: من اعتكف معي فَلْيَعْتَكِفِ العَشْرَ الأَوَاخِرَ فقد أُرِيتُ هَذِهِ اللَّيْلَةَ ثم أُنْسِيتُهَا، وقد رَأَيْتُنِي أَسْجُدُ فِي مَاءٍ وَطِينٍ من صَبِيحَتِهَا، فَالْتَمِسُوهَا فِي العَشْرِ الأَوَاخِرِ، والتمسوها في كل وِتْرٍ. فَمَطَرَتِ السَّمَاءُ تلك الليلة، وكان المسجد على عَرِيشٍ، فَوَكَفَ المسجد، فَأبْصَرَتْ عَيْنَايَ رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وعلى جَبْهَتِهِ أَثَرُ المَاءِ وَالطِّين من صُبْحِ إحْدَى وَعشْرِيْنَ».

  Abu Sa‘īd al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) used to observe I‘tikāf during the ten middle days of Ramadan. One year, while he was in I‘tikāf on the night of the twenty-first on the morning of which he would come out of I‘tikāf, he said: "Whoever was in I‘tikāf with me should stay in I‘tikāf the last ten; for I was informed of that night, but I was then made to forget it. I saw myself prostrating in water and mud in its morning. So, seek it in the last ten, and seek it in each of the odd [nights]." That night, it rained, and [the roof of] the mosque dribbled as it was made of leaf stalks of date-palms. I saw with my own eyes the signs of water and mud on the forehead of the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) in the morning of the twenty-first (night).

  Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

• It is not from righteousness to fast while traveling

  عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُما قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فِي سَفَرٍ، فَرَأَى زِحَامًا وَرَجُلًا قَدْ ظُلِّلَ عَلَيْهِ، فَقَالَ: «مَا هَذَا؟»، فَقَالُوا: صَائِمٌ، فَقَالَ: «لَيْسَ مِنَ البِرِّ الصَّوْمُ فِي السَّفَرِ»، وَفِي لَفْظٍ لِمُسلِمٍ: «عَلَيْكُمْ بِرُخْصَةِ اللهِ الَّذِي رَخَّصَ لَكُمْ».

  Jābir ibn ‘Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) was on a journey and saw a crowd of people, and a man was being shaded (by them). He asked: "What is the matter with that (man)?" They said: He is fasting. Thereupon, he said: "It is not from righteousness to fast while traveling." In another version by Muslim, he said: "Take advantage of the concession that Allah has granted you."

  Agreed upon

• We set out during the month of Ramadan with the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) in such intense heat that one of us would place his hand over his head (to protect himself) against the excessive heat, and none of us was fasting except the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and ‘Abdullāh ibn Rawahah

  عن أَبِي الدَّرْدَاءِ رضي الله عنه قال: «خَرَجْنَا مع رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم في شهر رمضان، في حَرٍّ شَدِيدٍ ، حتى إن كان أَحَدُنَا لَيَضَعُ يَدَهُ على رأسهِ من شِدَّةِ الْحَرِّ. وما فِينَا صائمٌ إلا رسولُ الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وعبد ُالله بن رَوَاحَةَ».

  Abu Ad-Dardā' (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: We set out during the month of Ramadan with the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) in such intense heat that one of us would place his hand over his head (to protect himself) against the excessive heat, and none of us was fasting except the Messenger of Allah and ‘Abdullāh ibn Rawahah."

  Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

• The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) prohibited Wisāl (continuous fasting for two days). So they said to him: But you practice Wisāl! He said: I am not like you. I am provided with food and drink (by my Lord)

  عن عبد الله بن عمر رضي الله عنهما قال: «نهى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم عن الْوِصَالِ، قالوا: إنك تواصل؟ قال: إني لَسْتُ كَهَيْئَتِكُمْ، إني أُطْعَمُ وَأُسْقَى». وفي رواية أبي سعيد الخدري رضي الله عنه : «فَأَيُّكُمْ أراد أن يواصل فليواصل إلى السَّحَرِ».

  ‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) prohibited Wisāl (continuous fasting for two days). So they said to him: "But you practice Wisāl!" He said: "I am not like you. I am provided with food and drink (by my Lord)." The narration reported by Abu Sa‘īd al-Khudri (may Allah be pleased with him) reads: "... so whoever of you wishes to practice Wisāl, let him do so until the pre-dawn time.”

  Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

• Did the Messenger (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) prohibit the fasting of Friday? He said: Yes

  عن محمد بن عباد بن جعفر قال: «سألت جابر بن عبد الله رضي الله عنهما : أَنَهَى النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم عن صوم يوم الجمعة ؟ قال: نعم». وفي رواية: «وَرَبِّ الْكَعْبَة».

  Muhammad ibn ‘Abbād ibn Ja‘far reported: I asked Jābir ibn ‘Abdullāh: "Did the Messenger (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) prohibit the fasting of Friday?" He said: 'Yes.' In another version: "By the Lord of the Ka‘bah!"

  An-Nasaa’i - Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

• Whoever dies while still having some fasts to make up for, his heir should fast on his behalf

  عن عائشة رضي الله عنها أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: «من مات وعليه صِيَامٌ صَامَ عنه وَلِيُّهُ».

  ‘Ā'ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever dies while still having some fasts to make up for, his heir should fast on his behalf."

  Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

• O Messenger of Allah, my mother has died in a state that she had to observe the fast of a month. Should I complete it on her behalf? Thereupon he said: Would you not pay the debt if your mother had died without paying it? He said: Yes. He said: The debt of Allah is more worthy of being repaid

  عن عبد الله بن عباس رضي الله عنهما قال: «جاء رجل إلى النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم فقال: يا رسول الله، إن أمي ماتت وعليها صوم شهر. أَفَأَقْضِيهِ عنها؟ فقال: لو كان على أمك دَيْنٌ أَكُنْتَ قَاضِيَهُ عنها؟ قال: نعم. قال: فَدَيْنُ اللهِ أَحَقُّ أن يُقْضَى ». وفي رواية: «جاءت امرأة إلى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فقالت: يا رسول الله، إن أمي ماتت وعليها صوم نذر. أفأصوم عنها؟ فقال: أرأيت لو كان على أمك دَيْنٌ فَقَضَيْتِيهِ ، أكان ذلك يُؤَدِّي عنها؟ فقالت: نعم. قال: فَصُومِي عن أمك».

  ‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Abbās (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that a man came to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and said: "O Messenger of Allah, my mother has died in a state that she had to observe the fast of a month. Should I complete it on her behalf?" Thereupon he said: "Would you not pay the debt if your mother had died without paying it?" He said: 'Yes.' He said: "The debt of Allah is more worthy of being repaid." Another narration states that a woman came to the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) and said: "O Messenger of Allah, my mother passed away and she took an oath to fast, should I fast on her behalf?" He said: "Tell me, if there was a debt due on your mother and you settled it, would it be enough?" She replied: 'Yes.' He said: "So, fast on behalf of your mother."

  Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

• The best (voluntary) fast in the sight of Allah is the fast of Dawūd, and the best (voluntary) prayer in the sight of Allah is the prayer of Dawūd. He used to sleep half of the night, stand to pray one third of it, and then sleep one sixth of it, and he used to fast every other day

  عن عبد الله بن عمرو بن العاص رضي الله عنهما قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : «إن أَحَبَّ الصيام إلى الله صِيَامُ داود، وأحب الصلاة إلى الله صلاة داود، كان يَنَامُ نِصْفَ اللَّيْلِ، وَيَقُومُ ثُلُثَهُ، وَيَنَامُ سُدُسَهُ، وكان يصوم يومًا ويُفطِرُ يومًا».

  ‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Amr ibn al-‘Ās (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "The best (voluntary) fast in the sight of Allah is the fast of Dawūd, and the best (voluntary) prayer in the sight of Allah is the prayer of Dawūd. He used to sleep half of the night, stand to pray one third of it, and then sleep one sixth of it, and he used to fast every other day."

  Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

• There is no fasting superior to the fast of my brother Dawūd; fasting half of one's life by fasting one day and eating one day

  عن عبد الله بن عَمْرِو بن العاص رضي الله عنهما قال: «أُخبِر رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم أني أقول: والله لَأَصُومَنَّ النهار، وَلَأَقُومَنَّ الليل مَا عِشْتُ. فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : أنت الذي قلتَ ذلك؟ فقلتُ له: قد قُلتُه -بأبي أنت وأمي-. فقال: فإنك لا تستطيع ذلك، فصُم وأفطِر، وَقُمْ وَنَمْ ، الشَّهْرِ ثَلاَثَةَ أَيَّامٍ، فَإِنَّ الحَسَنَةَ بِعَشْرِ أَمْثَالِهَا، وذلك مثل صيام الدَّهْرِ. قلت: فإني أُطِيقُ أفضل من ذلك. قال: فصم يوما وأَفطر يومين. قلت: أُطِيقُ أفضل من ذلك. قال: فصم يوما وأفطر يوما، فذلك مثل صيام داود، وهو أفضل الصيام. فقلت: إني أُطِيقُ أفضل من ذلك. قال: لا أفضل من ذلك»، وفي رواية: «لا صوم فوق صوم أخي داود -شَطْرَ الدَّهَرِ-، صم يوما وأفطر يوما».

  ‘Abdullāh ibn ‘Amr ibn al-‘Ās (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) was told that I had said: "By Allah, I will fast every day and pray every night for as long as I live." The Messenger (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) asked me: "Are you the one who said that?" I said: "Yes, I said it; by my father, you and my mother." He said: "You would not be able to do that. So fast and break your fast, pray and sleep. Fast for three days a month. The reward of a good deed is multiplied by ten, so the fasting of three days a month equals the fasting of a year." I said: "I can do (fast) more than this." He said: "Fast one day every three days." I said: "I can do more than that." He said: "Fast every other day; this was the fasting of Dawūd and the best form of fasting." I said: "I can do better than that." He said: "There is nothing better than that." In another narration, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "There is no fasting superior to the fast of my brother Dawūd; fasting half of one's life by fasting one day and eating one day."

  Narrated by Bukhari & Muslim

• Two of the Companions of Muhammad (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) who never stop to pursue the good

  عن أبي عطية، قال: دخلت أنا ومسروق على عائشة رضي الله عنها ، فقالَ لها مسروقٌ: رجلانِ من أصحابِ محمدٍ صلى الله عليه وسلم كِلاَهُمَا لا يَألُو عَنِ الخَيْرِ؛ أحَدُهُمَا يُعَجِّلُ المَغْرِبَ وَالإفْطَارَ، وَالآخر يؤخِّر المغرب وَالإفْطَارَ؟ فَقَالَتْ: مَنْ يُعَجِّلُ المَغْرِبَ وَالإفْطَار؟ قالَ: عبدُ اللهِ -يعني: ابن مسعود- فقالتْ: هَكذا كانَ رسولُ اللهِ يَصْنَعُ.

  Abu ‘Atiyyah reported: I and Masrūq went to ‘Ā’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) and Masrūq said to her: "There are two of the Companions of Muhammad (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) who never stop to pursue the good; but one of them hastens to perform the Maghrib prayer and break the fast, while the other delays the Maghrib prayer and breaking the fast." She said: "Who hastens to perform the Maghrib prayer and break the fast?" He said: '‘Abdullāh', meaning: Ibn Mas‘ūd. She said: "This is what the Messenger of Allah used to do."

  Narrated by Muslim

• The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) used to strive to fast on Mondays and Thursdays

  عن عائشة رضي الله عنها قالت: كانَ رسولُ اللهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم يَتَحرّى صومَ الإثنينِ والخميسِ.

  ‘Ā’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) reported: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) used to strive to fast on Mondays and Thursdays.

  Narrated by Ibn Majah - Narrated by At-Termedhy - An-Nasaa’i - Narrated by Ahmad

• The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) used to break his fast before praying by having three fresh dates

  عن أنس بن مالك رضي الله عنه قال: كان رسولُ اللهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم يُفطِر قبْل أن يصلي على رُطَبات، فإن لم تكنْ رُطَباتٌ فَتُمَيْراتٌ، فإن لم تكنْ تُمَيْراتٌ، حَسَا حَسَواتٍ مِن ماء.

  Anas ibn Mālik (may Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) used to break his fast before praying by having three fresh dates. If there were no fresh dates, he would have dried dates; and if there were no dried dates, he would drink a few sips of water.

  Narrated by At-Termedhy - Narrated by Abu Daoud - Narrated by Ahmad

• Whoever fasts one day in the cause of Allah, Allah shall put between him and Hellfire a trench as wide as the distance between the heavens and the earth

  عن أبي أمامة رضي الله عنه مرفوعاً: «من صام يوماً في سبيل الله جعل الله بينه وبين النار خَنْدَقًا كما بين السماء والأرض».

  Abu Umāmah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "Whoever fasts one day in the cause of Allah, Allah shall put between him and Hellfire a trench as wide as the distance between the heavens and the earth."

  Narrated by At-Termedhy

• If you fast three days of the month, then fast the thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth

  عن أبي ذر رضي الله عنه قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : «إِذَا صُمْتَ مِنَ الشَّهْرِ ثَلاَثاً، فَصُمْ ثَلاَثَ عَشْرَةَ، وَأرْبَعَ عَشْرَةَ، وَخَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ». عن قتادة بن ملحان رضي الله عنه قال: كانَ رسولُ اللهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم يَأمُرُنَا بِصِيَامِ أيَّامِ البِيضِ: ثَلاثَ عَشْرَةَ، وَأرْبَعَ عَشْرَةَ، وَخَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ. عن ابن عباس رضي الله عنهما قال: كانَ رسولُ اللهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم لاَ يُفْطِرُ أيَّامَ البِيضِ في حَضَرٍ وَلاَ سَفَرٍ.

  Abu Dharr (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) said: "If you fast three days of the month, then fast the thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth." Qatādah ibn Milhān (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) used to order us to fast the White Days: the thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth (of every lunar month)." Ibn ‘Abbās (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him) never broke his fast on the White Days, whether he was a resident or a traveler.”

  Narrated by Ibn Majah

• Did the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) fast three days of each month?

  عن معاذة العدوية: أنها سألتْ عائشةَ رضي الله عنها : أكانَ رسولُ اللهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم يَصُومُ مِنْ كُلِّ شَهْرٍ ثَلاَثة أيَّامٍ؟ قالتَ: نعم. فقلتُ: مِنْ أيِّ الشَّهْرِ كَانَ يَصُوم؟ قالتَ: لَمْ يَكُنْ يُبَالِي مِنْ أيِّ الشَّهْرِ يَصُومُ.

  Mu‘ādhah al-‘Adawiyah reported that she asked ‘Ā’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her): “Did the Messenger of Allah (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) fast three days of each month?” ‘Ā’ishah replied: 'Yes.' Mu‘ādhah asked: “In which part of the month did he fast?” ‘Ā’ishah replied: “It did not matter to him in which part of the month he fasted.”

  Narrated by Muslim